Mutual Fund Riskometer - Meaning, Types, Risk Level & Importance

Investing in Mutual Funds is a popular choice for many Indians, providing an opportunity to grow their money. To ensure investors make informed decisions, regulatory authorities have introduced new rules regarding Mutual Fund risk management. So, let us break down these changes and explain everything you need to know in simple terms including the Mutual Fund Riskometer. 

What is Mutual Fund Riskometer?

The Mutual Fund Riskometer is a graphical representation that helps investors gauge the level of risk associated with a particular Mutual Fund scheme. It offers a simple and clear way to understand the potential risks involved in an investment. The Riskometer typically consists of a scale with five levels, ranging from ‘Low’ to ‘Very High’ risk.

Previously, the Mutual Fund Riskometer relied primarily on the scheme's portfolio characteristics, such as the type of assets it held (equity, debt, hybrid, etc.), to determine the risk level. However, recent changes have introduced a more comprehensive approach, taking into account additional factors that can impact risk perception.

History of Riskometer

The SEBI Riskometer was first introduced in 2010 to help mutual fund investors understand scheme risks. In 2015, it was significantly upgraded with five distinct risk categories, addressing earlier limitations in risk differentiation. Later, a sixth risk level was added for enhanced clarity. Designed to reflect factors like asset class and volatility, the Riskometer is now mandatory on all mutual fund factsheets, scheme documents, and websites, enabling investors to make more informed, risk-aware decisions.

Riskometer Risk Level Explained

The Riskometer displays the level of risk in a Mutual Fund using a needle and six categories: Low, Low to Moderate, Moderate, Moderately High, High, and Very High. The pointer shows where your chosen fund stands. If it points to "Low," the fund is safer but might offer lower returns. When the riskometer points to "Very High," it means that there is an added risk with a chance for higher returns. With this, all kinds of investors in India can match a fund with their comfort level.

Types of Risks in Mutual Fund Measured by Riskometer

By using a riskometer, you can only measure market risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk.

1. Market risk: It happens when the fund values go up or down as per the stock market.

2. Credit risk: This refers to the possibility that the companies in which the fund has invested or lent money may fail to repay their debts.

3. Interest rate risk: It majorly impacts the debt funds, it means when the interest rates changes, the value of bonds in the fund also changes.

You can use a riskometer to quickly know how risky a fund is before putting in your money.

Understanding the New Risk Measurement Rules

The updated rules for measuring Mutual Fund risk aim to provide investors with a more accurate assessment of the potential ups and downs of their investments. Here are the key elements of the new risk measurement rules:

• Volatility: The riskometer now considers the historical volatility of the scheme's returns. Higher volatility indicates a higher level of risk, while lower volatility suggests lower risk

• Interest Rate Sensitivity: For debt-oriented schemes, the sensitivity to changes in interest rates is evaluated. Schemes with longer average maturities and durations will be rated as higher risk due to their increased vulnerability to interest rate fluctuations

• Credit Risk: The credit quality of the scheme's underlying investments is taken into account. Schemes with higher exposure to lower-rated or unrated securities will be rated as higher risk

• Liquidity Risk: The ease with which the scheme can convert its investments into cash is assessed. Schemes with less liquidity will be rated as higher risk

• Asset Allocation: The composition of the scheme's portfolio, including the allocation to different asset classes, plays a role in determining risk. Schemes with a higher allocation to equities will be rated as higher risk

• Investment Objectives: The stated investment objectives of the scheme are considered when determining risk. Schemes with aggressive investment objectives will be rated as higher risk.

These changes provide a more holistic view of risk, helping investors make informed decisions based on their risk tolerance and financial goals.

Benefits of the New Risk Measurement Rules

The introduction of these new risk measurement rules brings several benefits to Mutual Fund investors:

• Greater Transparency: Investors now have access to a more transparent and comprehensive risk assessment, allowing them to make investment choices aligned with their risk tolerance

• Accurate Risk Perception: The inclusion of factors like volatility, interest rate sensitivity, credit risk, and liquidity risk provides a more accurate picture of the scheme's risk profile

• Informed Decision-Making: With a clearer understanding of the risks involved, investors can make more informed decisions when selecting Mutual Fund schemes, reducing the likelihood of surprises

• Tailored Investment: Investors can choose schemes that match their risk appetite and investment objectives more precisely, enhancing the suitability of their investments

• Regulatory Compliance: These changes align with global best practices and regulatory standards, promoting investor protection and confidence in the Mutual Fund industry.

Other Types of Risk in Mutual Funds

Apart from all the risk types mentioned above, the riskometer also measures liquidity risk, concentration risk, and fund manager risk.

• Liquidity risk refers to the fact that the fund might struggle to sell investments when needed.

• Concentration risk occurs when a fund invests heavily in a few stocks; if one falls, the whole fund suffers.

• Fund manager risk means the success of the fund depends on how well the manager picks and handles investments.

Impact on Existing Investments

If you already have investments in Mutual Funds, you might be wondering how these new rules will affect your existing holdings. The good news is that the changes primarily apply to new investments and fresh subscriptions to existing schemes. Your current investments will continue to follow the risk assessment based on the previous methodology unless you decide to make additional investments in the same scheme. In that case, the new rules will apply to the additional investments. It's advisable to review your existing investments in light of the new risk measurement rules to ensure they align with your risk tolerance and financial goals.

How to use the Mutual Fund Riskometer?

Using the Mutual Fund Riskometer is straightforward and can be a valuable tool in your investment decision-making process. Here's how to make the most of it:

• Understand your risk tolerance: Before investing, assess your risk tolerance. How comfortable are you with the possibility of your investments fluctuating in value? This self-awareness will help you choose the right risk level.

• Read the scheme's riskometer: When considering any Mutual Fund scheme, look for the Riskometer on the scheme's documents, fact sheets, or the AMC's website. It will indicate the scheme's risk level, such as ‘Moderate’ or ‘High’.

• Align with your goals: Match the risk level of the scheme with your financial goals. If you're saving for a long-term objective like retirement, you might be comfortable with a higher-risk scheme. For short-term goals, lower risk may be preferred.

• Diversify your portfolio: To manage risk effectively, diversify your investments across different schemes and asset classes. This can help spread risk and potentially enhance returns.

• Regularly review your investments: Periodically review your Mutual Fund investments to ensure they still align with your risk tolerance and financial objectives. Adjust your portfolio if needed.

By understanding your risk tolerance, reading the Riskometer and aligning your investments with your financial goals, you can make informed decisions that suit your unique circumstances. These changes reflect the commitment of regulatory authorities to enhance investor protection and promote confidence in Mutual Funds. As you embark on your investment journey, use the Mutual Fund Riskometer as a valuable compass to navigate the world of Mutual Funds wisely and with confidence.